Nike Air Jordan Women

Outlet rates it is a long way from hard to get one that bears you a strategy to make economical calls another nation. At the point when you need your abroad calling arrangement remember to discover a bed that offers an extraordinary assistance. Too various expects go with the incredible names lacking looking for the best rates. Just books think an individual organization works supernatural occurrences getting card backer out there doesn't really imply that they give the most savvy pre remunerated abroad prepaid calling awards.Different merchants have interesting plans. The marking card plan that is unquestionably best for you may a gigantic name it likewise frequently is from an organization there will never be heard as assuredly. The primary concern course over the correspondence Industry since the time the home telephone would be the world well known phone AKA versatile or convenient or useful in Germany. Would you be able to pick a global paid ahead of time dialing card with your cell? You ought to unquestionably can.While you find in an alternate nation considering plan this extremely s right accessible for you, the organization should offer International get numbers that can be utilized to get to the end-all strategy through your phone. These plans are regularly cell tidied neighborly , nor charge everybody any additional cash for use about the portable wireless. Ideally you will found the following barely any passages valuable Into your pursuit to get modest paid ahead of time prepaid telephone cards while Internationally. Make certain to attempt this data as a rule and there Is definitely no uncertainty you will call your companions and relations abroad to include pennies a sec.

Revolutionary Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Progressive Era - Essay Example The UI of the site is very inviting and information has been orchestrated under different headings connected to isolate pages. For example, the connection of subjugation to the constitution prompting a progressive war is introduced in detail on a different page. The Laughter Genealogy site contains authentic material including maps, photographs and articles about early North America. This site is an incredible wellspring of data for scientists looking for lineage, books and military assets. Be that as it may, the intricacy of site makes it elusive an article of intrigue. The data ranges from late news stories to prior American history investigations. Little exertion has been made to keep the menus straightforward and significant. Moreover, the recency and validness of the introduced data is additionally faulty with various blunders remedied by crowd occasionally. Notwithstanding, as a kind of perspective and research focus, it contains different important chronicled pictures not acce ssible in numerous different assets. Both of these sites are giving history researchers an extremely thorough and inside and out information on American history. Nonetheless, they despite everything can't be viewed as complete assets on American history. The dubious inquiries brought and talked about up in Digital History site articles ought to be looked into profoundly and introduced completely to maintain a strategic distance from predisposition and disarrays among researchers.

5 Simple Ways to Handle Nepotism in the Workplace

5 Simple Ways to Handle Nepotism in the Workplace In a workplace environment, everyone desires a fair, merit-based treatment by employers. That is not always the case however stressful or frustrating it may be.Nepotism is a form of favoritism that includes hiring and promoting relatives and/or friends over other (perspective) employees.The opinions of nepotism vary depending on the experience with it. If you have benefited from the practice you will probably favor it, and if you have experienced some of the disadvantages of it, you will feel negatively about the practice.What is important to know is that nepotism is deeply rooted in our DNA and centuries long of practicing it will not and cannot allow for the complete eradication of workplace favoring people close to us.We inherently trust people that are our family and that we consider friends, and establishing trust in the workplace environment is one of the crucial elements of doing business successfully.So what, then, is the problem with nepotism?The main issue that rises is fav oring relatives and friends who are not qualified for the job.This is impeding the professional progress of the qualified individuals, leaving them frustrated.This, in turn, leads to lower morale, and that leads to weakened productivity and lesser success of the company, overall.CULTURAL ASPECTS OF NEPOTISMThere is a substantial difference in how people look on nepotism (aside from personal experience). In Western society, it is generally frowned upon.There are some instances where we consider nepotism a completely normal practice, for example, in some sort of creative career paths.We consider that the creative gene is inherited so it is completely normal that we see sons and daughters of famous actors, writers and musicians follow in their parents footsteps.However, in businesses like law and medicine (and others that are not considered strictly creative) we expect some sort of merit.You cannot expect to be a successful doctor if you are not studying hard, learning from mentors and gathering experience from the bottom up.In China, for example, the family is really the most important institution, and on many occasions, it is impossible to make a progress if you do not have a family member to back you up on your career path.It is completely normal and expected to hire a spouse or a daughter, or even an in-law, and this is not restricted to private family businesses, it happens in public companies regularly.India, however, has a large number of family businesses where the sons and daughters are trained to take over the family job when the time comes.Nepotism in family businesses is not unnatural for Western societies either.Just think about how many companies go by the name X and Son, or Y bros..They are keeping the business in the family, ensuring that the later generations will have a steady income and safe livelihood, and there are not many outsiders who can steal their trade. Business partners are also chosen from your friends circle, especially when startin g off a business, you trust them, you respect them and you know their work ethics.Those are some of the advantages of practicing nepotism in the workplace, and they mostly relate to family businesses.WHAT ARE THE DOWNSIDES OF WORKPLACE NEPOTISM? Nepotism can harm both the employers and the company.The company can lose its customers, experience less productivity, lowered quality, and potentially even bankruptcy due to the fact that the good employees that have been overlooked would feel frustrated which would lower their morale, and possibly cause them to resign and look for a better option for them.So, how does the company suffer from unfair nepotism?If employees perceive nepotism they might feel frustrated which lowers morale.If they feel that no matter what they are doing the boss would always give all the best and most lucrative projects to his nephew, they will probably start to slack off.Why do your best when somebody else will get a raise or a promotion?It is not the smartest move; however, it is how peoples psyche works.In addition to that, the service your company offers will start to decline as the best workers will either stop working as effectively as before, or they would decide to desert the unfavorable work environment in search for a job that will allow them to go upward on the career path, rather than stagnate. Low morale also causes the formation of employee groups or clicks that often engage in gossip and badmouthing either the manager who is unfairly praising their relatives or the said relative just because they are taking advantage of the favors they are given.These conditions do not make a healthy working environment and do not allow that the company functions as a tight fit unit.Other things that can happen are some legal and financial implications, as nepotism could be considered a type of discrimination.However unfavorable it may be, though, nepotism is not illegal. In spite of that, employees might choose to file a complaint or make y ou face a lawsuit accusing the company of discrimination and creating a harmful work environment.Even if the employee does not manage to make a case, it would still cost the company to hire a lawyer and pay for the fees, not to mention that going to court hearings is not an enjoyable way of spending your time. If you are in a managing position at the workplace and recognize this pattern of behavior in yourself and/or your peers, you can take action into your own hands and fix the problem or avoid it, to begin with.Surround yourself with non-relatives, or if you are favoring them, make sure that they deserved it by something other than they are family.You could create a document that clearly states the companys policies, practices, and values.This would help all your employees feel safe even if they are working head to head with your daughter, and avoid the common problems you might encounter when hiring relatives.With relatives and friends working for you, you might be inclined to p raise them more in order to avoid personal conflict, even though they did not deserve it.All relationships come with baggage in this case, and you can end up bringing issues from home to your work, which reflects poorly on both parties.On the other hand, especially with sons and daughters of business owners, the performance expectations can be exceptionally high, which leads to the burnout of the individual and of the business itself.What happens if you are on the other side of things?What can you and what should you do if you are the one being overlooked by the boss in favor of a relative or a friend?First of all, make sure that the reason that your colleague has gotten that promotion, or a better office, or the best project just because they are related to the boss.Companies that run a business successfully pick out the best among the employees and give them the advantages; they put their trust in the hands of the most capable ones.Is it possible that the boss son has worked hard enough and long enough to deserve the opportunity? If that is the case, it is perfectly okay for the boss to make that move.However, if that is not the case, you are facing a true form of nepotism with favoring the relatives unqualified for the job.Give it time, and learn how to identify the problem. WHAT CAN YOU, AS AN EMPLOYEE, DO?Now, which actions can you take to make sure you are feeling comfortable and respected in your workplace if you have, in fact, observed nepotism as a pattern of behavior between your colleagues?1. Control your emotions and behave professionally.The key to surviving and finally advancing in your job is to always be on top of the situation.Nepotism is stressful to experience, even if you are just an innocent bystander and are not affected by the said type of favoritism in any way.And if you are the one on the short end of the stick, then your frustration grows. You might feel all kinds of emotion which cause you to want to do things that are not regarded a s professional.It is normal, we are people and we are driven by our emotions.Frustration, resentment and even anger are what people commonly feel in such situations.Feeling it is okay, acting on them without thinking about the consequences- not so much. You should reserve expressing negative emotions and venting for your friends and family outside of work, or use some other means to get rid of the negativity.In order to try to get an objective look of your own feelings, try to imagine that you are one of those people who are not directly affected by the unfair favoritism in question. Think your actions and comments through. Is there a possibility that you would come across as petty and jealous?If there is, you should probably refrain from making that comment and taking that action. Show your colleague and your boss how maturely you can handle the situation.And for a more selfish reason, the comments can come around, people talk and will probably say what they heard you say, and this can come to the ears of any of the involved parties which can possibly turn out bad for you as you could be qualified as a whistleblower.Aside from being promoted or hired over somebody who is more qualified, getting better benefits without an objective reason, or doing more prominent work, nepotism can take a form of getting away with the mistakes that they make.Giving a person a second chance to change something that has proven faulty in the past is a great teaching and managing strategy, on the other hand, if this continues over and over again without consequences, you might be facing nepotism.Is it okay for you to behave that way and expect to get away with it?Of course not.Even if you notice that some employees are favored in that way, your behavior should be spotless.Make deadlines, do not be late for work, do not complain and do not engage in silly gossip.2. Take note of your work.This is crucial especially if you have decided to go and report the nepotism to the HR or anoth er person in high in the companys hierarchy.Why in this case particularly?Well, if you are pointing out that somebody else is rewarded without valid grounds and by that, either directly or indirectly, suggesting that you might be better for the job, there is a great chance that your superiors will take a closer look on you.The reason for that may be that they are trying to take your critique seriously and influence the change for the better, or they might even feel attacked and (wrongly) accused and would subconsciously try to justify the action of, say, promoting that other person instead of you.Even if they are favoring somebody, sometimes that happens unconsciously, it is so genetically encrypted into our nature, that we do not notice some patterns of behavior unless somebody points them out to us.So if you are being looked more closely than others or than before, you should make sure that you are doing your job thoroughly, responsibly and effectively.Take notes on the progress o f your projects; follow them through until the end.If possible, pull out some statistic data about how your work influences and benefits the company. Be organized so well that you know at any time where you can find the information about something that you have worked on before.Nobody can work without ever making a mistake, and when that happens try to show them that you are correcting them and in due time.In addition to that, if you have successful assignments to show for, you might want to approach your boss and ask for a better and more responsible assignment. You would be ready and you would have your previous work ready to back you up.In this way even if the boss has practiced nepotism before, they will have to take you and your work into account if they want to keep you and if they want the company to develop further.Next time, you may not be overlooked. Your work will make the case for you, without you being characterized as emotional and regarded as someone who is not mindin g their own business.3. Ask for advice.Who you can ask for advice on such a situation?First of all, you may try to talk to your coworkers. Examine if they have experienced a similar situation in your workplace and if the situation turns out to be a mutually perceived problem, you can work it out together.Again, pay attention that you do not come across as gossipy and jealous.Another thing that you can do is consult your mentor. They might have a better perception of what has been happening as they are in the workplace longer than you.They know if similar situations had happened before and, if so, how had they been resolved.Your mentor may also give you advice on how to improve your own work performance which will put you on the spot for advancement.Other options that you have are: to talk to the HR or some other executive.In both cases, it is of high importance to be prepared for that conversation and to execute it seamlessly, without ruffling any feathers or appearing as a “brown -noser” in the eyes of your superiors and coworkers.Make a discrete appointment without raising suspicions or making dramatic scenes, all the while being professional.Your preparation for the meeting should consist of carefully selected particular instances of nepotism.Document those in as much detail as possible; provide the option for witnesses if possible as well.If such a document exists, provide evidence of the companys policies that are being overlooked by the behavior.In order to appear professional, do not let your emotions get you. Calmly make your case.The best option is to present it as your concern for the overall progress and morale of the company, rather than something that is affecting you personally.Some psychological studies show that one of the harmless ways to draw attention to bad behavior is to put that person in a position to give advice about that behavior.In this particular case, you could approach the very person who you consider is practicing nepotism, an d ask for advice on that type of behavior.4. Make yourself feel better.It is understandable that unfavorable working environment takes a toll on your personal well-being. It causes stress and, what is more, it makes you feel bad about yourself; lose confidence in your capabilities.Many people take the work frustrations out on their family members, which does not help at all.Your home should be a place where you can relax, ask for advice and support.Taking your job home might be one more reason to avoid working with relatives.How do you make yourself feel better aside from having your family by your side to support you? Take care of your body. Take up a sport, exercise, take daily walks at least.Physical activity helps you release the tension that has gathered up during the working hours, leaving you feeling better about yourself.If nothing else, you would be too tired to overthink the workplace nepotism after a vigorous workout.Exercise also helps to clear your mind, get a new persp ective, and gather physical and mental strength to get up in the morning and face your issues.If you feel like it, you can go on therapy, work on your mental well-being.You could take up gardening, play with your children more, get a dog The options are endless.Find something that you enjoy doing, something that consumes your thoughts, something that gives you relief and fills your batteries, and keep on doing it.With time, you might come to the conclusion that the fact that the managers son got a better office and did not earn it is not as important as what you are doing for yourself.There is always next time. And there are ways for you to make your point.5. Get yourself out of the situation.Think about how serious the unfair favoring is.Is it harmless and it is just bugging you because you are personally sensitive to the injustice of any kind, or is it jeopardizing your and the careers of our coworkers?If it is harmless, let it go and turn to making yourself better, if not, leave. If nothing helps you to solve the problem for yourself and if the nepotism grows more and more visible and is hindering your professional progress you could consider resigning.This should be your last resort, as you should not quit just because it became a little hard or challenging.If the nepotism goes over your limits, take a risk and look for a new professional opportunity, nobody wants to work for somebody who does not allow personal and professional growth.The problem with this is that no matter where you go, chances are that you are going to come across similar cases of nepotism since it has existed for centuries and will exist for many more.FINAL WORDWhatever your experience with nepotism may be, whether you practice it, benefit from it or find it aggravating and hindering your first step towards dealing with it is accepting it as it is a common pattern of behavior.People are social animals and we cannot go without personal connections even in the professional world.Make pea ce with it and do not let it ruin your health and work or personal relationships.Hopefully, some of these strategies will help you cope with the problem and feel better about yourself.

Post Completion Of Section Two Of Women And Work - 1924 Words

Post completion of section two of Women and Work in Canada readings, I started preparing for my interview with a woman of my choosing. I decided to interview my aunt Ms. Ms. Murphy Murphy. She is wife, a mother of two boys, and an educator to young adolescents. Using the outline questions that assignment two provided, I was able to complete an interview with Ms. Murphy and have the following conversation about her paid and unpaid work. I took notes throughout the interview and listened attentively. Comparing her paid and unpaid work, to the women in the assigned readings for section two was comparetivlity, some situations were the same. Ms. Murphy was raised in a small community in western Prince Edward Island. She has three†¦show more content†¦After accomplishing her education degree and arts degree, at the University of Prince Edward Island, she moved to Northern Alberta in 1981 and began teaching. Teaching French from 1982-1983, and then substituting 1983-1985 at a local Junior High school, which ultimately lead to her getting a full time position as a teacher at M.E Callaghan Jr. High. Ms. Murphy’s paid work consists of teaching young children at a local junior high school. Her daily routine involved planning lessons and teaching the lessons. â€Å"I do the best I can to have students meet essential outcomes† (Murphy). Ms. Murphy is a very dedicated educator, and is always willing to help children before and after school, assisting them in understanding the course material. Ms. Murphy strives to promote a welcoming classroom and a safe learning environment so that children are comfortable in asking questions, enabling them to expand their minds. Ms. Murphy also attends meetings with her peers in-regards to learning new strategies, knowing children have different learning styles. After Ms. Murphy’s long day of teaching, she also donates her time to chaperone daily school actives, and special monthly actives. Ms. Murphyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s paid work is from 8:30am-3:30pm, followed by unpaid work, for school which is 3:30pm-5:00pm. When this part of her day is complete, she continues to work at home correcting school work and she maintains her house work

Durkheim s Theory Of Social Facts - 1741 Words

One of the central premises of Durkheim s theory is grounded in the concept of social facts. According to Durkheim, social facts are, â€Å"ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that are external to individuals and exerts control over them.† Essentially, these social facts are external to an individual and exists independently of a single person. These social facts exist in the networks of interaction between people, making them harder to notice, until a person goes against them at which point they are meet with consequences, sanctions and regulation. Social facts coupled with collective consciousness, which consist of the shared norms, beliefs and values of a society, creates a sense of solidarity among a society and eventually to a reality†¦show more content†¦Despite the fact that western countries prohibit sweatshops and are collectively against poor working conditions, child labour, and poor wages on a domestic level and therefore resist, they still contribute by participating in trading practices with these sweatshops in other countries. Another distinguishing aspect of an organic solidity is the emphasis on individualism, especially in western societies. The emphasis is placed on the individual which fuels into consumerism, and their lack of society on a larger scale. The emphasis on consumerism only furthers the agenda and financially support these sweatshops, which doesn’t necessairly benefit everyone equally. Durkheim s argument of solidarity is closely linked to the division of labour. Durkheim defines division of labour as a method of production that produces interdependency between individuals. An organic solidarity society, the specialization of jobs means that an individual can’t survive alone. The introduction of globalization makes this society more complex as the defining factor that makes a organic solidary society is the moral/ dynamic density, which is the number of people in a society and their degree of interactivity between them. Within a globalized world dynamic density is increasing which introduces a more competitve market creating a natural driver for society toShow MoreRelatedDurkheim s Theory Of Social Facts1071 Words   |  5 PagesQ) Critically evaluate Durkheim’s theory of ‘Social Facts’ and how might it be used for a study of contemporary society. In this essay, I will go on to examine Durkheim’s theory of social facts from his book and evaluate how might it be used in contemporary society, ‘The Rules of Sociological Method.’ Durkheim is one of the pioneers of the functionalism and is considered to be one of the founders of classic sociology. Durkheim states that the phrase ‘social facts’ commonly denotes almost every sociallyRead MoreDurkheim on Totemism1573 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In order to truly assess the legitimacy of Durkheim s functionalist definition of religion, his notion of Social facts, (upon which his theory is constructed) must be examined. Durkheim advocated that amongst the reputable fields of biology, psychology and history, Sociology also warranted a specific focus. It was, for him: a sui generis something that had to be explained on its own terms. Sociology was not, for Durkheim, a field that should be susceptible to overlapping subject matter:Read MoreThe Theory Of History And Division Of Labor1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theory of History Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim are the great sociologists in this world; they give us many thoughts about the social theory and let us to learn how the society is. They both had described a theory of human history and division of labor. Despite some differences, Marx and Durkheim have concentrated on the emergence of modern capitalism especially with the rise of the modern system of division of labor and the evolution of market society. Their methods are developed through theRead MoreEmile Durkheim1131 Words   |  5 PagesEmile Durkheim, the world s first official Sociologist believes society is a complex structure in which each separate part is responsible for its own function for the benefit of the whole. This essay will explain how society can be both internal and external to human beings, also three characteristics of the social fact concept, and three of Durkheim s sociologically significant concepts. According to Durkheim, society comes in two forms: internal and external. Fi rst, the internal society formsRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoubtedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their theories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of Anomie1530 Words   |  7 Pages This essay is going to outline Durkheim s theory of anomie and use this to explore the importance of a sense of belonging in modern society. This exploration will be used in explanation of the causes of the modern phenomenon of youth joining gangs. Firstly, the work and focuses of Durkheim will be introduced. Secondly, his concept of anomie and relevant surrounding theories will be defined and explained. Thirdly, the impacts of anomie will be discussed. Next, anomie will be related to the senseRead MoreDurkheim And Weber s Theories Of Religion And Modernity962 Words   |  4 PagesEmile Durkheim and Max Weber are two prominent philosophers whose theories unequivocally differed on countless themes. The outlooks of Durkheim and Weber contrast however, their general message in which they attempt to convey are of similar ideologies. When examining Durkheim and the concept of sacred and profane, one would see how it parallels with Weber’s notion of enchantment and disenchantment. Their stances on religion correspond with each other and despite their distinct conceptual frameworksRead MoreMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 Pagescore sociology theorists; Marx, Weber and Durkheim, they all had different opinions about how society funct ioned through the different types of relationships. Each theorists had a different perspective about â€Å"the social† and how that perspective presented it through society. Marx’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on production relations and how the classes interacted with one another through that type of relationship (Marx 1844). Weber’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on meaningful relationshipsRead MoreEmile Durkheim s Theory Of The Founding Fathers Of Modern Sociology841 Words   |  4 PagesEmile Durkheim, is known as one of the founding fathers of modern sociology. Durkheim has the theory that every individual in a community, is to born to live and then die. A Durkheimian definition of community is that it has propinquity, which means residential closeness. Also has a social network where everyone in the community all know each other. Finally, a Durkheimian community must include a collective consciousness, which is when the p eople in the community share the same understanding of rightRead MoreMax Weber And Durkheim s Views On Religion1250 Words   |  5 Pagesof beliefs and cultural systems that relate humanity to an order of existence. One of the foundations of religion is social orientation that in one way or another influence a society s social stability. Max Weber along with Emile Durkheim were very influential people in the course of social stability in the 19th century. Weber and Durkheim attempted to make comprehensible social changes, particularly in the aspects of religion of a society. Their perspectives on religion differ on some aspects

Problem-Posing Vignette Free Essays

Understanding the Dynamics of Culture Shock as a Tool for Vignette Reflection After I finished my Bachelor of Science in Mathematics, I taught for one year in primary school. After which, I taught in the King Saud University which relatively offers better income than my previous work. In order to upgrade my educational skills, I went to the University of Wollongong in Australia to take Masters of Education in Educational Leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem-Posing Vignette or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, since my arrival in the said university, unexpected things came up. These â€Å"unexpected† things I classified as â€Å"problems† since they were disrupting my psyche (ability to understand why things happen in such a way) and to an extent my studies. These problems ranged from the difficulty of learning English to the so-called culture shock. Useful paragraph to set the scene But the problem of learning English could be resolved through a thorough study of the language. This was not the case when it comes to culture shock. For one, understanding culture shock would involve a clear understanding of the cultures that the students in the university belong. Identification of a couple of problems When I took a taxi from the Sydney airport to my place of stay, I noticed that driving was done on the other side of the road unlike in Saudi Arabia. I really thought that I could not drive in Australia, but in due time I was able to do so. Added to that, I also noticed that many people in Australia liked to walk, unlike in Saudi, where all people have cars to use. It was pretty odd for a developed nation not to require its citizens to use cars as a mode of transportation. Maybe it was the preference of most of the people in Australia to walk than use car as a mode of transportation. Whatever the case, I was bound to examine the dynamics of this odd experience. Detail of experience With regard to the issue of gender, in Saudi Arabia, it is the norm that boys cannot study together with girls. In Australia, especially in the university, boys and girls are usually involved in group studies, that is, boys and girls can study together without the restriction of law or custom. One of the â€Å"greatest† culture shock that I experienced was the time when girl students of the university (my classmates) study with me. Corollary to that, I also noticed that in Australia, women can teach men on a wide variety of subjects which is generally prohibited in Saudi Arabia. Hence, there were many times that women were teaching me; some were connected to my subjects, others issues essential to my field of specialization. Lastly, I really thought that books in Australia are much cheaper than in Saudi Arabia. But such was not the case. Books in Australia are actually more expensive compared with the books in Saudi Arabia. I was really caught up on this experience since Australia being a developed country can afford its citizens cheap books, but it was not the case (thinking that since Australia encourages promotes education at all levels, it necessarily follows that it will provide cheap educational materials). More detail of experience Now, my primary concern was to how to adapt or at least understand the justification of my experience. Since I came from a different cultural setting, it was hard for me in the start to cope up with the habits and customs of the Australian people. For an ordinary Australian or European, this is not really a problem since their cultural settings are almost similar. In Europe, boys are usually mixed with girls during study periods. I do not know about the prices of books in Europe, but certainly it would not be a problem for the Europeans if the books in an Australian university are cheaper or more expensive than the books in a European university. Walking as a preferred mode of transportation was not really a big deal for Europeans or Asians perhaps. Most of them usually walk as in the case of major European or Asian cities. But in Saudi Arabia, things are quite different. There are laws that prohibit boys from studying with girls. Girls are also prohibited from teaching boys, and with regard to walking, the Saudi government advises its citizens to use car as mode of transportation. Initially, I had this fear that I might not be able to interact effectively with the students of the university because I belong to a different ethnicity, but because of continued acquaintance with the students, gradually I was able to understand the justifications of the cultural setting to which I am now seating. It was really odd for me that because of continued interaction with them, the culture shock that I experienced when I first came in Australia was melting away. Indeed, almost all of the â€Å"culture shocks† were for me just common events here in Australia. Now, there are definitely reasons or justifications for events that what meets the eye in the first instance. First, it is the perception of â€Å"oddness†, and then there is understanding. I was able to conclude that continuous interaction with people who came from different ethnicities or cultural settings can help reduce culture shock. The more one interacts and talk to people, the more one understands the concerns of those people. Nonetheless, if biases are removed in the daily interaction with people in the university, one cannot discern the true meaning of the cultural setting presented to you. As such, without much effort, my culture shock was gradually reduced. I just noticed that I was beginning to understand the dynamics of the events that I previously experienced. Reflecting on the past also helped me assessed my understanding of the issues presented to me. Thus what I did not really understand in the past was tested through real-life interaction. Thus, the things or situation I termed as â€Å"culture shock† were becoming common things for me. Now there are two questions that should be presented: â€Å"How do I absorb â€Å"culture shock†? and â€Å"How can I help my friends or anyone who wants to reduce the effect of culture shock?† How to cite Problem-Posing Vignette, Essay examples

Sociology Identity Essays - , Term Papers

Sociology: Identity Identity-?Ones personal qualities.?Identiy is something only he or she can fully define. My uncle says I am affectionate,cheerful, and calm. My grandmother sees me as slim, pretty and sweet. My dad described me as perky, cheerful and happy, my mom says beautiful, gentle, and self-conscious. These adjectives describe me accurately, yet they are only abstract versions of me. Adjectives cannot begin to describe me and I aknowlege these descriptions for what they are, a condensed translation from my outward self to the world. It is impossible for anyone to understand me completely because nobody has experienced the things I have. My mother has never cherished a raggedy doll named Katie and my father never spent hours upon hours making collages and scrap books for his future children. My uncle never hid in the back of a pick-up-truck and traveled four hours to New York and my grandmother has never walked hours in the rain looking for the Queen of England. My identity is something only I c an define. Think of a stacking doll. Each outer doll removed reveals another; smaller and more volnerable than the previous. With each section combined there is a whole, but with only a section you cannot see the doll in it's entirety and it is impossible to see whether another is hiding inside. Ones identity is similar. With little knowlege of a person it is impossible to know what is inside and whether there is more to see. Identity is broader than one word definitions, different aspects such as feelings and memories contribute. In order to get the full sense of who a person is, the inner layers must be revealed. The outer layer is how people see me. ?Pretty? was an adjective my family and friends used to describe me. Pretty/?Pleasant to behold.? Though this phrase is not meant to be negative, It makes me feel like I am stupid and that my family couldn't think of adjectives indicating intelligence or creativity. Pleasant means enjoyable... agreeable... welcoming. When characterizing my identity I don't want ?pretty? to be the first word that pops into peoples minds. ?Pretty? says: dull and uninteresting. People in school know me, not because I score winning points in basketball games, or come in first in swim meets. People know me because I am supposedly ?good-looking.? Sometimes I feel like I don't have an identity aside from the way I look, and my definition of identify doesnt include appearance. I sometimes list the things that identify me. My strongest features are my ?different? hair and my ?clear skin.? People have often told me that I should be a ?hand model? or go into commmercialism because I have a ?unique smile? These compliments put a temporary smile on my face, but having clear skin does not make me feel good about myself. Having clear skin does not give me the confidence and self-assurance I need to be happy and accomplish my goals. But according to the majority of my friends and family:my looks are going to get me the farthest ? So I guess in a way my looks are my identity. The problem with characterizations and first impressions is that I don't give an accurate perseption of the real me. I often seem ditsy and spacy, and sometimes I act in a way that doesnt portray the real me, and that frustrates me beyond words. My friends call me ?bubbly,? ?silly,? and ?funny? trying to think of a way to say ditsy that wont hurt my feelings, and these traits aren't neccisarily bad. Atleast I have characteristics that make others happy and cheerful when they are around me. Maybe my identity is best summed up as spacy, ditsy, and distracted. ?Eventhough my grades arent wonderful, and I don't ride a horse six days of the week, atleast I have the amazing ability to understand everyones pain.? A year ago this sentiment was what kept me confident, but lately I have been struggling to believe my friends even like me. Somewhere between junior and senior year I have started analyzing my personality and trying to figure out who I am, and I'm not happy with what I have found. The problem isn't so

Your Quick Guide to Alter vs. Altar

Your Quick Guide to Alter vs. Altar Choosing between alter and altar is really quite simple once you realize that one is a verb (alter) and the other is a noun (altar). At that point, its just a matter of determining whether you need a noun or a verb in the context of a sentence. Lets look at the two definitions:Alter is a verb meaning to make different without changing into something else or to become different. The only time you will see it in another context would be as an adjective (for example, alter ego). In that sense, it will still retain the meaning of having changed but be used as an adjective instead.Altar, on the other hand, is a noun meaning a usually raised structure or place on which sacrifices are offered or incense is burned in worship- often used figuratively to describe a thing given great or undue precedence or value especially at the cost of something else [for example, sacrificed his family life on the altar of career advancement].As you can see, simply looking at the context of the word in the se ntence will help clarify which word (altar vs. alter) should be used. Here are some examples of each word used in context correctly:AlterWhen you dye your hair, you will alter its texture.Dont alter that photo, we want to make sure its the original.AltarThe bride and groom said their vows at an altar decorated with flowers and candles.The ceremony will take place at the churchs altar.

The Agents of Erosion

The Agents of Erosion The process known as weathering breaks up rocks so that they can be carried away by the process known as erosion. Water, wind, ice, and waves are the agents of erosion that wear away at the surface of the Earth. Water Erosion Water is the most important erosional agent and erodes most commonly as running water in streams. However, water in all its forms is erosional. Raindrops (especially in dry environments) create splash erosion that moves tiny particles of soil. Water collecting on the surface of the soil collects as it moves towards tiny rivulets and streams and creates sheet erosion. In streams, water is a very powerful erosional agent. The faster water moves in streams the larger objects it can pick up and transport. This is known as critical erosion velocity. Fine sand can be moved by streams flowing as slowly as three-quarters of a mile per hour. Streams erode their banks in three different ways: 1) the hydraulic action of the water itself moves the sediments, 2) water acts to corrode sediments by removing ions and dissolving them, and 3) particles in the water strike bedrock and erode it. The water of streams can erode in three different places: 1) lateral erosion erodes the sediment on the sides of the stream channel, 2) down cutting erodes the stream bed deeper, and 3) headward erosion erodes the channel upslope. Wind Erosion Erosion by wind is known as aeolian (or eolian) erosion (named after Aeolus, the Greek god of winds) and occurs almost always in deserts. Aeolian erosion of sand in the desert is partially responsible for the formation of sand dunes. The power of the wind erodes rock and sand. Ice Erosion The erosive power of moving ice is actually a bit greater than the power of water but since water is much more common, it is responsible for a greater amount of erosion on the earths surface. Glaciers can perform erosive functions - they pluck and abrade. Plucking takes place by water entering cracks under the glacier, freezing, and breaking off pieces of rock that are then transported by the glacier. Abrasion cuts into the rock under the glacier, scooping rock up like a bulldozer and smoothing and polishing the rock surface. Wave Erosion Waves in oceans and other large bodies of water produce coastal erosion. The power of oceanic waves is awesome, large storm waves can produce 2000 pounds of pressure per square foot. The pure energy of waves along with the chemical content of the water is what erodes the rock of the coastline. Erosion of sand is much easier for the waves and sometimes, theres an annual cycle where sand is removed from a beach during one season, only to be returned by waves in another.

Report Child Labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report Child Labour - Essay Example The last five are classified as the "worst forms" under the ILO Convention 182. (ILO 2002). The sheer enormity of the problem is mind boggling - It was estimated (UNICEF, 2005), that the global child labour force was for 5-14 and 15-17 were over 211 million and 141 million resp., of which over 97% were from the developing world. More than 180 Million children below 18 were involved in the "worst forms" of child labour. In the 43 countries of the world with an annual income of $500 or less per person, the percentage of children in child labour is usually between 30% and 60%, whilst in countries where income is between $500 and $1000 the percentage of child labourers drops to between 10% and 30%. They form a vicious circle, poverty giving rise to labour and labour perpetuating poverty. There are many causes of child labour. In developing countries, it is most often the need for additional income felt by both the parents and the child. Sometimes the child may work for only board and lodge in order to learn the trade as apprentices from a relative/ family friend. The family as an economic unit may also expect the child to chip in with its contribution at the shop, farm or small factory. Family breakdowns and natural calamities force children to take on the role of one or both parents to support themselves and their siblings. Trafficked children do not have the luxury of choice and very likely end up crossing borders illegally to be sold into the sex trade. It is also actively pursued by employers, since the children are cheap and obedient and can be easily coerced to work without benefits for low/no wages in the absence of adequate legal framework and infrastructure to determine the true age of children. In developed countries, children seek employment to secure financial independence from their parents. UNICEF, ILO, most NGOs and governments believe that child labour is exploitative and should be discouraged, since they perpetuate poverty. A contrary view is held by employers and sometimes parents in the developing countries, who genuinely believe that the local population benefits from this economic activity as their families would have suffered more in the absence of this activity. John Blundell (Blundell of the Institute of Economic Affairs who believes wholly in the efficacy of the free market argues: Child labour is not the modern invention of "globalisation". All farming has always used children. Scotland's school summer holidays exist not so everyone can fly down to the Spanish Costas, but so children are free to help with the harvest. To learn rural skills was the reality of education in most of human history. In more urban areas, the young would learn other appropriate skills. I believe that working in scruffy factories in Manila or Nairobi is an opportunity for the people involved. Making fashion garments or chic trainers for eventual sale on Princes Street offers far greater benevolence than the humbugging of overseas aid. Aid is famously described as a device by which the poor people in the West fund the rich of the Third World. But free trade in shirts transfers money from the rich

The Finance and Six Sigma Quality Connection Research Paper

The Finance and Six Sigma Quality Connection - Research Paper Example According to the study conducted while operations management was being carefully studied to play the efficient, enabling function to other business functions, the field had been enabled by several highly-interrelated business functions. Pursuant to any operational implementation, cost analyses, which are tasked to the financial department, are used to assess the implementations’ â€Å"financial spin-offs†. Operation management’s Six Sigma Quality was not exempted from these analyses. Businesses planning to employ or implement the Six Sigma Quality have to set an acceptable cost reduction ratio, estimate the incurring implementation costs and resultant cost-savings, and reconcile these figures to postulate or invalidate the operational implementation. Collectively, the organization does not just want to see the improvement in operational efficiency, quality, or quantity; it also wants to make sure that Six Sigma Quality’s implementation is cost-wise and a s ignificant cost-saver. The recent craze in adopting the Six Sigma Quality on other business functions, such as financial management, is rapidly progressing. For instance, Ansari et al.’s â€Å"Application of Six-Sigma in Finance: A Case Study† explored the nature of the applicability of Six Sigma Quality to the five core processes of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving, and controlling. In the financial process of department-based financial reporting, the define phase implicates the necessity and importance of a ‘standardized process’ that is cleared of ‘non-value added steps.... cost and financial planning for all business divisions,† and â€Å"identifying all non–value added and confusing steps to reduce reporting cycle time and cost† (5-6). In other words, in the financial process of department-based financial reporting, the define phase implicates the necessity and importance of a ‘standardized process’ that is cleared of ‘non-value added steps.’ Measure. In this phase, it is crucial that a clear documenting and consistent monitoring covers the department-based financial reporting process to avert from providing â€Å"opportunities for non–value added activities such as errors, excess movement, additional IT training and maintenance costs, inconsistent data, and waiting time† from decrementing the process value (Ansari et al. 6). Thus, the documentation and monitoring of the financial process safeguards the whole process through providing substantial data or figures to measure progress and conduc t the next analysis phase. Analysis. This phase should be able to pinpoint the probable operational inefficiencies in the financial process. These inefficiencies may include but are not limited to the â€Å"lack of complete firm cost and financial plans,† as well as the existing, â€Å"multiple sources of data and databases† (Ansari et al. 7). Overall, this phase should be sufficient in enlightening the finance department the nature of the inefficiencies involved, the inherent levels of impact, the sector most affected by the impact, as well as specific process-parts for improvement. As soon as these things are shed light and well-understood, the phase makes room for the next phase, the improvement phase. Improve. This phase is relatively a two-fold phase; while it looks at the direct or actual improvements conceived out of the previous

The Age of Reason Essay -- history

The Age of Reason The Age of Reason was a period in time that took place from the Peace of Utrecht (1713), to the French Revolution of 1789. It was a period when reason basically replaced religion as the guiding principle in art, thought, and the governance of men. Unquestioned acceptance of the old order of society and the old ways of statecraft yielded to a new spirit of critical inquiry which demanded some rational justification for the existing social system. People thought that the general application of reason would free Europe from the artificialities, restrictions, injustices, and superstitions which that was inherited from the Dark Ages. Reason would create a society of law and order. The traditions, customs, and autonomous rights of the nobility and the church were essentially alien to the spirit of rationalism and operated to block the establishment of centralized, well ordered states. In central and eastern Europe and many minor states of the continent, the main contenders against the powers of the nobility and the clergy were the dynastic sovereigns. Competition between the great states was ruthless and the monarchy which failed to overhaul its internal administration, faced dismemberment. Seeking to focus on their own authority, the crowned heads struggled with the separatism of provinces, which their royal houses had inherited through medieval and 17th century wars and marriages. They tried to introduce uniformity in law and administration th...

Language Loss

As we increasingly realize that our own self-destruction is inevitable in the destruction of the planet, the insular notion of Western modernity as the height of human progress is finally being questioned. However, the resultant paradox is that although we realize the resultant flaws of depending on one form of progress, the only alternatives that we could turn to are dying off of the face of the earth. Thus the global trend of language loss is an issue incredibly worthy of long overdue attention; it may in fact be our last meaningful alternative to rescue the plight of humanity’s survival.As a repository of knowledge, an expression of culture, and a symbolic embodiment of a way of life, the loss of a language speaks for itself. Although some Aboriginal languages are on the brink of extinction in Canada, regrettably, not many people are listening to the last cries of the voices that are quickly vanishing. I will explore the reasons why this is the case. Firstly I will delve i nto the roots of language, as a vehicle by which the essence of each particular culture comes into coherence in the material world and how its culture’s level of conceit that sustains its insularity.The history of Western culture, as a product of European colonialism and industrial capitalism, clearly exemplifies that its essence and more importantly its arrogance, is fundamentally at odds with a harmonious relationship with the natural world, currently leading to its own detriment. With this colonial mentality in mind, a second aspect I will explore is the stark alternative to this one way of thinking that is exemplified the in the culture of the Squamish people of Vancouver.Thus thirdly, the settlement, industrialization, and current urbanization transforming Vancouver, is arguably augmenting the divide between both ways of being, perpetuating the self-destruction of all people who are at the mercy of the dominant culture’s conceit. Thus I will argue that in contrast to Vancouver’s Aboriginal people’s way of life, the current level of arrogance sustaining the dependence on Western modernity will ultimately, inevitably be the demise of humanity. It is undeniable that language, like all things that humanity has created, is ultimately an invention of natural world.As a watershed of imagination, language tries to make sense of the world and may be understood as the symbolization of the human thought in trying to grapple with the nature of existence. Although these symbols were created in order to mediate and make sense of humanity’s place in the universe, since their creation they have transformed and pervaded human cognition to such an extreme extent as to actually replace inexplicable nature of existence with a false sense of ‘rational’ reality. Symbols, now meaning speech, are a cultural phenomenon fundamental to encompassing what define civilization (Zerzan Language: 237).As much as symbols in any culture try t o grapple with their reality in a complex scientific, or rational sense, due to their inherent detachment from the natural world and intrinsic reductionist nature, all attempts to find the answers of the universe, to fit harmoniously with mother earth will ultimately be at odds with what is in fact, incomprehensible. The seemingly rational is ultimately irrational. The layers of complexity now sustaining the process of symbolization account for an ongoing need to label and thus control what ultimately could never be comprehensively defined. SOURCE). An important element in this process of symbolization is the man-made conception of time. Time is one the earliest layers of symbolization’s complexity that enhanced a constructed nature of reality. John Zerzan notes that time’s fruition accounts for the need to define a sense of ‘progress’ that would dominate man’s sense of history, further alienating him away from the natural world. In a cycle of their own creation and perpetuation, the purpose of civilization has therefore, only been to reinforce itself.The perpetual construction of this notion of progress has ultimately led to the self-induced domestication of the mind, enhancing man’s estrangement from the natural (Zerzan Book: 25). Instead of surrendering to man’s harmonious connection to the inexplicable cosmos and thus accepting his own visceral nature, this false notion of progress has been perceived as an inevitable part of human development. Progress is now out of human control and thus alternative ways of existence are seen as backwards and illogical. Future Primitive: PAGE). The zenith of this sense of progress, is encompassed in the current notion of modernity as it is both the height of this civilization and yet the worst reality that the natural world has yet to endure. The sense of progress has always been subjected to the dictatorial role of arrogance and economics, what Williams calls the â€Å"inh erent dominative mode of thinking†(SOURCE). Economics narrates man’s conception of property in an alchemical mix of human labor on the earth’s soil in the pursuit of material wealth.Excessive material wealth superficially bolsters the sense of privildege, evolving to be better understood as their hubris. The Western cultural lineage that has pushed humanity ‘forward’ depends strict on this mentality, and now there exists a common belief that as Westerners works diligently towards the height of modernity, somehow other cultures in the world have become intellectually idle (Davis 2009: 166). Progress is largely perceived as a rushing current of vim and vigor, with an unstoppable momentum carrying all of us in its wake.Upon arrival in North America, with superiority imbued in their mentality, European colonialists brought a sense of progress to the New World. As both a by-product of their amalgamated colonial imagination and their equally delusional sci entific minds, Canada became a laboratory to be poked, measured, defined and prepared for extraction back to continue the fervent industrialization of Europe (Rigney 1999: 109). The colonial mentality is highlighted in their sense of property. Colonialists believed that property had to be enacted; it is as much a physical reality as it is constant aspiration to control.In their minds, property is a verb that must be put to work in order to define it (Blomley: 566). This is in accordance of the influential perspective of John Locke, who helped to ingrain the belief that if the land was not being used, it is being wasted. Thus the divine commons was rendered private property, â€Å"Eden sank to grief† and our natural world was at the mercy of man’s endless attempt to control and accrue all that they could from their surroundings (Blomey: 561). Just as Language is a creation of the natural world, it is the architect of sustaining meaning for a culture.Therefore in its use , language is also a system of power that allows the meanings imparted by cultural hegemony to endure and endure themselves (Focault: 22). Although this cultural lineage now dominates the world’s sense of progress, not all people believe in this once sense of reality. On the margins of modernity, some people’s resilient existence stands as testimony that this one insular mode of thinking is not be the only way of being, nor is it the best way for humanity to survive (Davis: PAGE).Such people do not feel the need to subjugate and try to feebly control the wonders of the natural world, but rather their existence is at the will of what they realize they cannot control. Instead of feebly trying to control the world around them, they would rather be spiritually submerged in nature’s all-encompassing, inexplicable power (Davis: Page). The Coast Salish indigenous people that have historically dwelled in what is now defined as the city-limits of Vancouver are just one e xample of such a people who’s underlying purpose in life is arguably not at odds with the natural order of the universe.Coast Salish is there common name, however within this label are a number of different cultural heritages that are uniquely defined by both their geographic location and correspondingly, their language. In Vancouver’s major reservations today, such identities as the Musqueam, Squamish and the Tsleil-Waututh peoples still dwell in a miniscule enclosure of their ancient homelands. Although their lands are being encroached on from all sides, they try to uphold the ways of their ancestors as a more visceral reality, that was once so harmoniously in balance with British Columbia’s ecosystem (Baloy: 520).Because of their ancient history of being so intimately tied with their surrounding terrain, these peoples distinct cultures, embodied in their in their oral traditions and expressions of art, encapsulate their belief in humanity’s divine conn ection with the land. Living adjacent to the Pacific, what is mentioned in more than one of these peoples’ creation stories is the belief that the land around them sprung from the rich expanse of water on which they heavily rely (Blomey:). In stark contrast to the European’s colonial conception of the property as Terra Nullius, or that it was there for the taking.The resultant boundaries that European’s created in this region are deeply embedded cultural experiences that had specific meanings for colonist. The concept to divide territories on the ground set limits marking distinct social groups and provide a mental template for categories of control (180). In contrast, Coast Salish peoples believe that the land that they gratefully depend upon came into being for a higher purpose. It was not inanimately waiting for humans to define it or bring it to life, but rather its very existence would be what defined them.Following the creation of land from the ‘mud of the ocean,’ the Squamish Coast Salish speak of an extended period of silence that enveloped the earth, in which humans, if they existed at all, only touched lightly on the land (Hill-Tout 1978: 20). The world in their sense was pure and if humans were there, they did not leave any traces of their settlement along the coast nor did they turn on their environment to accrue a sense of history via material wealth. Their ancestors quietly followed the nomadic paths of existence, dictated by the rhythms of life (566). Territorial connections are underwritten by heir relational epistemology- a way of knowing the world through relations. Their knowledge, use, control and even ownership of the land is based on complex relationship with ancestors and spirits which go to the heart of indigenous experiences of dwelling in that place (Thom 2000: 179). Today anthropologist remark on the sophistication of the Coast Salish economy, political structure and way of life. Virgina Crawford att ributed their civil aptitude to the security of their marine substance, as it allowed them to develop a complicated social system based on inherited or acquired clan rank (299).Although Crawford’s perspective gives credit to the Coast Salish people’s intelligence, it is expressed as both a novelty for Indigenous peoples and is tinged with Western lens of progress as if Coast Salish resource extraction was evidence to their efforts to civilize their society. Ultimately this perspective actually reduces the true intelligence of these peoples, which is beyond what Western science can coherently understand. Due to the fact that their existence is imbued with a spiritual understanding of the cosmos, every aspect of their daily lives revolves around ritual (Crawford: 299).Their devout survival is perhaps best captured in their most visible expression of culture, their art. In correlation to the Coast Salish creation story, their rich motifs are an attempt to imbue the awesom e aura of the natural world into an implicit design. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The main thrust behind the degradation of human diversity is the crude face of privilege. The sense of superiority that some cultures have over others because they see world through a monochromatic lens, and persist in interpreting what their perception through a single cultural paradigm, their own (WF-Davis: 6).Vancouver’s Indigenous Community: Squamish: History, Creation, Art, Knowledge, Colonial Encounter Colonial Encounter: Mentality, Property, Language, ProgressSignificance of Urban environment Each word of even the most remote language is the a resounding testimony of cultural identity, and serves to act as a link connecting people with their past, their social, emotion and spiritual vitality (Norris: 12). (Norris 1998: 8) means of communication, but a link which connects people with their past and grounds their social, emotional and spiritual vitality. Norris 1998: 8) Although loss of language doesn’t necessarily lead to the death of a culture, it can severely handicap transmission of that culture. Modernization vs. Language vitality Without doubt, the forces of dominant languages and modernization exert a strong influence on any minority language. In the case of Aboriginal languages, historical events such as the prohibition of indigenous language use in residential schools have also contributed to this process. In addition, the fact that most Aboriginal languages were predominantly oral may also have diminished, in an already difficult environment, their chances of survival. Norris 1998: 8) Facts as of 1996- The current 50 languages of Canada’s indigenous peoples belong to 11 major language families- 10 first Nation and Inuktitut. Several major dialects within them. (Norris 1998: 9) Largest Language in Canada is Algonquin- 147,000 people Geography contributes to size, distribution of Aboriginal Languages Research: M. Dale Kinka de 1991 â€Å"The Decline of Native Languages in Canada† Root of Language- Geography of Canada- Plains accommodate a large group of people.Soaring mountains and deep gorges tend to restrict settlement to small pockets of isolated groups in B. C- small languages. Salish, Tsimshian, Wakashan, Haida, Tlingit, Kutenai- could not develop as large a population as dispersed Algonquin. (Norris 1998: 9)- Isolation can also play a part (Indigenous Issue) Mother tongue population: those people who first language learned at home, and still understood is an Aboriginal Language. (Norris 1998: 10) Index of ability (Kn/MT)1: compares the number of people who report being able to speak the language as a mother tongue.If for every 100 people with a specific Aboriginal mother tongue , more than 100 person in the overall population are able to speak that language, some clearly learned it as a second language either in school or later in life. This may indicate language revival. (Norris 1998: 10) (Stat) Because unlike other minority groups, Aboriginals cannot rely on new immigrant to maintain or increase their population of speakers, passing on the language from parent to children is critical for all indigenous languages’ survival (Norris 1998: 11) (Indigenous issue)Canada’s Aboriginal languages are amongst the most endangered in the world- significant numbers of languages have either already disappeared or are close to extinction (Norris 1998: 15). Among the languages spoken today 2 out of 50 are viable with a large population base- Large or small viable languages (Norris 1998: 15) (Stat) Research: How the English Language Became the World’s Language- Robert Crum Globish. Revival- Sacred Ways of Life: Knowledge. Chelsea Crowshoe- crowshoe consulting Inc.Everyone is a community or culture, hold traditional knowledge because it is collective- WHO: defines traditional medicine- the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on theories, beliefs, a nd experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as the prevention diagnosis, improvement of treatment of physical and mental illness Traditional knowledge is shared through ways of exchanging cultural and traditional information such as storytelling- (Crowshoe: 2)Language and culture are the foundation of nationhood of First Nation, Inuit, and Metis people. Canada’s cultural wealth is not merely its official bilingualism- or its multicultural tapestry- Aboriginal languages re part of the our mosaic- A number o Aboriginal languages have died (WHICH ONES? ) and more are at risk- 29% of First Nations people can converse in their language- only a few are flourishing: Cree, 85,000 speakers, Ojibway, 30,000 speakers, Anishiimowin 12,5000- Montagais0Naskapi 11,000.Most Inuit can speak one of the dialects of Inuktitut but statistic Canada report a decreasing number using it as the main language at home- Michif- tra ditional language of the Metis These values are associated, amongst other things, with economic reductionism, mechanistic modes of thinking, aggressive individualism and the destruction of community. (Bennett 2010: 9) The residential school system, mobility and more recently, television, internet are responsible for the loss of language. Canada does well on Global Standards- All of Caribbean languages are extinct- half of the indigenous Central and South American languages-Last ten speakers of Nitinat (Ditidaht) or Comox spearks of Vancouver Island 100 Seneca Cayuga or Onodaga speakers of the nearly 4,000 in south Western Ontario Baloy, Natalie J. K. We Can’t Feel our Language: Making Places in the City for Aboriginal Language Revitalization Language Revitalization efforts are overwhelmingly located in rural environment despite the fact that aboriginal people are increasingly choosing to live and rasie their families in urban settings. Youth are anxious to learn language (Bal oy 2011: 515) Emerging language ideologies of urban aboriginal peopleStrong Aboriginal identity and urban lifestyle are mutually exclusive Land, language and identity- how can this be fostered and nutured in urban spaces (Bayol: 516) The sduy of language ideology-has emerged as a mediating link between social structures and forms of talk. Language ideology refers to the social connection people make with the own or other’s languages, dialects of language variations. The fate of many minority language is likely determined to a large extent by ideology (Baloy 2011: 517) Language ideology- rich possibilities for understanding how people think about and value language.Identifying how language ideologies are constructed, maintained and contested can meaningfully inform strategies for language documentation, planning education and revitalization in contexts of language loss. Ideological clarification (Baloy 2011: 517) Contemporary language ideologies evolve out of historical experi ences and are shaped by mainstream attitudes towards language, government policies and demographic changes (Baloy 2011: 517) Government policies perpetuated mainstream ideologies that position English as a powerful international lingua franca and aboriginal languages as outmoded.Aboriginal languages are often unrecognized, unknown, unappreciated by non-aboriginal society. Sensitive to multingualism- most highly educated and politically influential, largely ignorant of the sheer diversity and complexity, the cognitive and cultural richness of the native languages of the First Nations peoples (Baloy 2011: 517) Historical policies and processes have contributed to the devaluation of aboriginal languages in Canada- continue to resonate today.Residential schools, the Sixties Scoop, galvanizce gnificanation of aboriginal- (Baloy 2011: 517) As a result, many aboriginal parents refrained from speaking their heritage languages to their children in efforts to boost their chances for success i n mainstream society- a generation of young Aboriginal children grew up monolingual in English- drop after residential schools. (Baloy 2011: 518) Angered by the loss of language, community leaders seek redress as the loss of language has become a symbol of government oppression and assimilation policies. Baloy 2011: 518) Reclamation of Native identity, pride, decolonization, assertion of sovereignty (Baloy 2011: 518) Henry Davis stated: â€Å"If you talk to anybody on the reserve, the chiefs will stand up and say two things of utmost importance: language and land† Dual significance What bout about Urban Aboriginals? (Baloy 2011: 518) Urban vs. Remote comparison, similarities, contrasts Urban Example: Vancouver Diversity of British Columbia- Western Canada Vancouver is located in the traditional lands of the Musequea, Squamish, Tsleil-Watuth. The Katzie, Kwantlen, Sto:lo, Tswassan- recognized as local First nations.Umbrella Coast Salish- Squaimish and Musqueam have urban reser ves- Musqueam’s language: Henqeminem- no fluent speakers though there are some semifluent speakers- efforts to restore and revitalize language- Squamish: Skwxwu7mesh Snichim- some fluent speakers, working toward language revival (Baloy 2011: 519) From beginning Vancouver’s development aboriginal nonlocal aboriginal people have made the city for temporary or long-term settlement. Great diversity of aboriginal people living on traditional Coast Salish homelands. Vancouver jobs, education and services. Baloy 2011: 520)There are over thirty five First nations groups represented in the city. First Nations groups are represented in the city in additional to Metis and Inuit peoples. There are now over forty thousand people who identify as aboriginal in the Metro Vancouver area. 1/5 of the total aboriginal population in the province. (Baloy 2011: 520) The number of Aboriginal people has risen in Vancouver- 30% since 1996. Aboriginal peoples living in the city continue to grow- (Baloy 2011: 520)In the early 1950’s 7% of aboriginal people in Canada lived in urban settings- Today approximately 54% of aboriginal people now living in cities. 0% in B. C Moving back and forth between city and reserve. Though many identify with a particular Native heritage and homeland, their aboriginal life is situated in city life (Baloy 2011: 520) Despite urbanization- language revitalization work has maintained mostly an on-reserve focus- reflects wider trends in social science research on aboriginal people as well as mainstream understandings of aboriginal identity (520) Cities or places that had the potential for economic development Why the city has been ignored for so long? Rural aboriginal homelands- rural bound up in colonial histories- Themes of genocide, dispossession of land, and aboriginal government relations emphasize these geo-demographic patterns Reserves are native space- Colonial practice placed reserves in their favor. By interrogating these processes scholars can avoid reifying colonial practices that have contributed to trop of rural aboriginal homelands. Peoples from communities across B. C and Canada have ow moved to Vancouver to live dwell on Coast Salish homelands an urban environment (524) negotiating cultural protocol in such diverse context can become somewhat impler when local people are emphaisized. Outsiders still honor the Coast Salish homelands and attempts to rvitalize language. Some people believe that the world would be a better place if we all spoke the same language. If this is true, and the world’s sole language somehow ended up being Arabic for instance, I wonder what life would be like not being able to converse with someone else in my mother tongue.My world would be inevitably enveloped in silence, I would not be able to coherently articulate stories of my heritage nor utter words that could cohesively encompass the full expression of who I am. It is undeniable that this would possibly be one of the loneliest states of existence imaginable. Unfortunately, such an unthinkable condition is in fact a stark reality for some peoples in the world. This phenomenon has mainly tightened its grasp on to weakened Indigenous communities whose dying tongues have been systematically forced to the edge of extinction on a global scale.As languages continue to disappear from the face of humanity’s cultural diversity, the need to address this issue becomes increasingly more pertinent. Unlike learning French or Spanish, within Indigenous communities, learning a language is ultimately a spiritual process. It gives peace, a sense of reality, a sense of peace. In an urban setting, learning an aboriginal language can enrich one’s links with other people from the same nation or strengthen connections to one’s aboriginal heritage on deeper personal level. Meeting these language goals requires approaches different from long-term language learning.The most intensive projects for lan guage workers and learners aim to develop conversational, everyday use of language. (530) New words in the urban setting- like the internet, or the elevator that are not readily at hand for aboriginal peoples. This fast pace, changing the modern world is almost impossible for English to keep up with. (530) Many of their words are obsolete. Conversely, words that aboriginal langues do have in abundance, such as vocabulary related to local food procurement and specfic land features have limited relevance in the urban setting. Language is obsolete in that sense. 530) It’s now up to the community to change language to fit the city-dwellers needs. Thus making IDEOLOGICAL places for language in the city involves identifying how aboriginal languages can fit into urban people’s lives, integrating how aboriginal languages (531) What is offered in the inclusion of Native Languages in the lives of urban aboriginal people. Research participants suggest that urban language learning can have wide-ranging effects: it can strengthen individuals bonds with their own identity and their test to homelands, community building efforts.We can’t feel our mother, we can’t feel our language. Being cut from the land they are literally cut from all meaning language. (537) Musqueam, Squamish and other local nations- resilience, connections between land, language and identity remain strong and resilient. The close connection between language and the land. Have developed by geography. Getting out in the wilderness is where language makes sense- where language is manifested. Noting that sounds emulate the land. The diversity of languages in BC- physical geography of B. C (324)

Importance of Financial Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1256 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION The modern thinking in financial management accords a far greater importances to the management decisions and making policy. Today financial managers occupy key positions in top management areas and play dynamic role in solving complex management problems. The main object ive of accounting is to provide the necessary information, which is useful for the person within the organization i.e.; owners, management, employees and also outside the organization i.e.; investors, creditors, government, consumers, etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Importance of Financial Management" essay for you Create order Financial accounting is concerned with record keeping directed towards the preparation of income statement and financial position statement. It provides information regarding profit and loss of the enterprise and also its financial position as on that particular date. This information is helpful to management to control the major functions of the business i.e.; finance, administration, production and marketing, but details regarding operating efficiency to their lacking financial statements are mainly concerned with the managements interest in future of the organization. Thus the financial performance valuation involves the determination of the companys ability In mobilizing the funds required for the business and utilizing the funds in the business. Therefore, the financial performance is concerned with the appraisal of the following: Capital formation Capital structure Profitability and profit allocation Working capital and liquidity management FINANCIAL ANALYS Financial analysis is the process of determining the significant operating and financial characteristics of a firm from its accounting and its financial statements. The goal of such analysis is to determine the efficiency and performance of the firms management, reflected in the financial records and reports. This analysis will help us to measure firms liquidity, profitability and other indications that determine whether the business is conducted in a rational way or not. METHODS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: There are 7 methods of financial analysis. Such are: Comparative statement Comparative income statement Comparative balance sheet Common-size statement Trend analysis Fund-flow analysis Cash-flow analysis Ratio analysis Cost-volume profit analysis RATIO ANALYSIS: Financial statement plays a decisive role in setting the frame work of managerial decisions for the financial statements viz; income statement and balance statement are prepared to help the management in taking decisions. The Ratio analysis is the most power tool of financial analysis. Meaning: A ratio is simple arithmetical expression of the relationship of one member to another. Accounting ratios are relationships expressed in mathematical terms between figures which are connected with each other in some manner. Ratio analysis shows inter-relationship between the different items in the data. Current ratio: Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities The current ratio is calculated by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. Current assets include cash and those assets which can be converted into cash within year such as inventories, sundry debtors, marketable securities, loans and advances and prepaid expenses. Current liabilities are obligations maturing within a year, including creditors, bills payable, accrued expenses, bank overdraft, income tax liability, loans and advances and provisions. The companys liquidity position was very low in the initial years where as it is very high in the later years. Quick (or) Acid test ratio: Quick ratio = (Current assets Inventory) / Current liabilities The ratio is really at the rate of current ratio and is found out by dividing the total current liabilities. From the analysis, it can be interpreted that the companys liquidity position to pay for current liability is high. This result is higher interest cost on networking capital which affects the profitability of the firm. Debtors days: Debtors days = (Debtors / sales) * 365 The liquidity position of the firm depends on the quality of the debtors to the great extent. This resulted in higher balance in debtors for which company had to pay more interest charges which affected profitability of the company. This can be improved 3 times better as observed in the ratios of well doing firms. This will result in big reduction in interest charges as well as increase in profits. This possible only through better debtors management and optimum credit policy of the firm. Creditor days: Creditor days = (Creditor / Cost of goods sold ) * 365 This ratio is a variation of the credit ratio and gives similar indications. It measures the portion of the firms assets that are financed by creditors. A very high ratio indicates a greater risk to creditors as also to the share holders under adverse business conditions. On the other hand , a low ratio is for the creditors in extending credit. Net income ratio: Net income ratio = (Net profit / sales) *100 This ratio measures the rate of the net profit earned on sales. It establishes a relationship between net profit and sales in overall measure of the firms ability to turn pound of sales into net profit, this ratio also indicate the firms capacity to withstand adverse economic conditions. Gross income ratio: Gross income ratio = (Gross profit / Sales) *100 The gross profit has been arrived by adding the closing stock and subtracting the materials, excise duty, wages and other manufacturing expenses to sales. This ratio reflects the efficiency with which management produces each unit of the product. When the gross margin in subtracted from 100% we get the ratio of cost of goods to sale. Return on equity: Return on equity = Net income / Share holders equity The amount of net incomereturnedas a percentageof shareholders equity.Return on equitymeasures a corporations profitabilityby revealing how muchprofit acompany generateswith the money shareholders have invested. Net income is for the full fiscal year (before dividends paid to common stock holders but after dividends to preferred stock.) Shareholders equity does not include preferredshares. Cost of sales to sales ratio: Cost of sales to sales ratio = Cost of sales / Total sales Through the manufacturing expenses percentage of company is less than the industry average the Cost of sales is slightly more than the industry. This can be, because of more depreciation charges or difference in excise duty. Therefore company has to produce goods by effective utilization of foxed assets to bring down the depreciation cost of sales. Stock turnover days: Stock turnover days = sales / inventory The higher the stock turnover the better, because money is then tied up for less time in stocks. A quicker stock turnover also means that the firm gets to make its profit on the stock quicker, and so the firm should be more competitive. However, it will vary between industries and so it is important to compare within an industry. Return on net assets: RONA = net income / (Fixed assets + Networking capital) Here, Networking capital = Current assets Current liabilities. It is the useful measure the profitability of all financial resources invested in the firms assets. It evaluated the use of total funds without any regard to the sources of funds. Higher the ratio more effective is the firm is using the pool of funds. Sales to net assets employed: Sales to net assets employed = sales / net assets Here, Net assets = Fixed assets + Current assets Current liabilities. This ratio is also called the earning power of the firm and represents the return of the funds. It indicates how well management has used funds supplied by the creditors and owners. Higher the ratio better is the position of the firm and more efficient of the management in utilizing funds, entrusted to it. CONCLUSIONS In the overall of a business is to earn a satisfactory return on funds invested in it, consistent with maintaining a sound financial position. The position of the company according to ratio is satisfactory in the year 2008 2010. That means each year profit had been increased. BIBLIOGRAPHY Financial management M Y Khan P K Jain https://www.investopedia.com